Page Setup: Paper Size, Page Orientation, Margins, and Gutter

Just as characters and paragraphs can be formatted, document pages can also be formatted in various ways in Word. Among others, formatting pages includes setting/changing paper size, page orientation, margin, page numbers, header and footer elements, etc. It is often worth the effort spending quality time setting up or formatting document pages appropriately, because this is the only way to get a document with consistent look, carrying evidences of a professional touch. It is good practice, and often easier, to define the page settings before you begin a document. If you already know before you start a new document the particular way you want the document to look, then start by setting up the document by specifying the paper size, orientation of pages, margins, gutter, header and footer, page numbers, columns, etc. These options all affect the appearance of a page. However, if you do not know yet how the overall document should look like, you can still stick to the default page setup and change it afterward. Dividing a document into sections will enable you define varying settings or page layouts within or between pages in the document.

Fig: Page elements

Paper Size

There are several sizes or dimensions of paper available today on which a document can be printed. Depending on the capabilities of your printer, you can print a document on common paper sizes such as A4, Letter, Legal, Tabloid, etc, or you can type dimensions for custom paper sizes. The paper size you choose will also help Word in calculating and leaving appropriate margins for the pages.

Fig: Page Setup dialog showing the Paper tab page

To set or change paper size,

1. If you have already typed the document and/or you have already divided the document into sections, select the text or position the insertion point in the section for which you want to set a paper size. If you're just beginning the document, then start from step 2 below.
2. On the File menu, click Page Setup.
   The Page Setup dialog box is displayed.
   
3. On the Page Setup dialog box, click the Paper tab.
4. In the Paper Size box, select the paper size you want, e.g. A4.
   The dimension of the selected paper size is displayed in the Width and Height boxes.
   
5. In the Apply to box, select an appropriate option, such as Whole Document, Selected Sections, or This Point Forward, to determine how much of the document to be printed on the paper size you selected.
6. Click OK.

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 TIP:

To decide about which one to choose among the options in the Apply to box,  see the following table.

IF YOU CHOOSE	WORD WILL
Whole Document	Apply the current settings in the Page Setup dialog box to the entire document.
Selected sections	Apply the current settings in the Page Setup dialog box to the selected sections only, or to only the section in which the insertion point is positioned.
This point forward	Insert a section break before the insertion point, and the current settings in the Page Setup dialog box will be used for pages henceforth, until 'broken'.

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Page Orientation

A page can be set to portrait or landscape orientation.

Portrait Orientation makes a page stand on its shorter side, giving more vertical space, but less horizontal room. It is ideal for displaying pages with contents requiring less horizontal space.

Landscape Orientation, on the other hand, makes a page lay on its longer side, offering more horizontal room, but less vertical space. It is ideal for displaying pages with content requiring a wide horizontal space, e.g. a wide table, or a labeled image. When you change the page orientation, Word swaps the Top and Bottom margins with the Right and Left margins, respectively.

You can stick to either portrait or landscape orientation for the entire document, or you can choose different page orientations for different sections in a document.

           

Fig: Portrait Oriented page

Fig: Landscape Oriented page

To set/change page orientation

1. For an existing document, select the text or position the insertion point in the section for which you want to set/change page orientation. For a new document, start from step 2 below.
2. On the File menu, click Page Setup and then click the Margins tab in the dialog box that is appears.
3. Under Orientation, click either Portrait, or Landscape.
4. Choose an appropriate option in the Apply to box.
5. Click OK.

Margins

In printed documents, you usually find that text appears within the page with empty spaces swathing the top, bottom, left and right edges of the paper. These empty spaces around the text within the page form the page margins. Margins determine the distance between the text and the edge of the paper. Margins are the blank area between text and the edge of the page, and also form a part of the non-text area in the page.

In Word, text and graphics are normally displayed and printed inside the margins, while headers, footers, and page numbers are displayed and printed in the margins. Setting sufficient margins for pages is vital for a document intended for printing, because not all printers can print all the way to the edge of the paper. You can quickly set/adjust the margins in a document using either the rulers, or the Page Setup dialog box . The Page Setup dialog box enable you define further options, such as gutter, and headers and footers position.

Set or adjust margins using the Page Setup dialog box

1. Position the insertion point in the section whose margin you want to adjust.
2. On the File menu, click Page Setup, and then click the Margins tab.
3. In the Top, Bottom, Left and Right boxes, enter a desired measurement for the respective margin.
4. If necessary, select other options such as Gutter, Gutter position, or Mirror margins.
   See appropriate headings below for explanations on gutter and mirror margins.
   
5. Click OK.

Set or adjust margins using the ruler

The margin boundaries on the vertical and horizontal rulers are used in setting margins using the rulers. A margin boundary is the point marking the boundary/division between the gray and the white portions on the horizontal or vertical ruler. The margin boundaries are located on the far left end and on the far right end of the Horizontal Ruler, while on the Vertical Ruler, you find margin boundaries also located on the top and bottom ends. The margin boundaries on the top, bottom, left and right ends of the rulers are used to set or adjust the Top, Bottom, Left and Right margins respectively. To set margins with the ruler, you will have to display the document in either Print Preview or in Print Layout view, and also make sure that the rulers are displayed. When you move the mouse pointer over a margin boundary, the shape of the pointer changes to a double-headed arrow. It is then you can click and drag the margin boundary to one of the directions indicated by the arrows, to expand or to contract the size of that margin.

To set or adjust margins using the ruler

1. Display the document in either Print Preview or Print Layout view, and make sure also that the rulers are displayed.
2. Position the insertion point in the section you want to set or adjust its margin.
3. Do the following:
• To set or adjust the Left margin, move the mouse pointer over the margin boundary on the left of the horizontal ruler. When the pointer changes shape to a double-headed arrow, click and drag left to decrease, or drag right to increase the Left margin.
• To set or adjust the Right margin, move the mouse pointer over the margin boundary on the right of the horizontal ruler. When the pointer changes shape to a double-headed arrow, click and drag left to increase, or drag right to decrease the Right margin.
• To set or adjust the Top margin, move the mouse pointer over the margin boundary on the top of the vertical ruler. When the shape of the mouse pointer changes to a double-headed arrow, click and drag down to increase, or drag up to decrease the Top margin. 
• To set or adjust the Bottom margin, move the mouse pointer over the margin boundary on the bottom of the vertical ruler. When the shape of the mouse pointer changes to a double-headed arrow, click and drag up to increase, or drag down to decrease the Bottom margin.

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TIPS:

• Hold down ALT while you drag the margin boundary to see the measurements for the margin and text area.
• Margin measurements are inversely related to text area measurements, i.e. increasing a margin decreases the text area, and vice versa.

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Gutter Margin

This is a margin setting that adds extra space to the side or top margin of a document intended for binding, to ensure that part of the page content closest to the binding side is not clipped off or obscured during or after binding. By default, Word is preset to leave the gutter measurement at 0". It is now up to you to set a measurement for the gutter margin as you see appropriate and when necessary. A document without a gutter margin is at the risk of having text nearest the binding edges obscured or cropped. Of course, you sure are aware that readers will definitely not like a bound document with portions of page text either clipped off or running a few inches into the inside margins. Some people tend to set higher dimensions for the left margin, on the premise that that would take care of the extra space needed for binding. I'd advise you form the habit of setting definite gutter measurements for the extra space needed at the side or top margin of the pages for documents you plan to bind.

Extra space allowed for binding

To set gutter margins

1. On the File menu, click Page Setup, and then click the Margins tab.
2. In the Gutter box, enter a value for the gutter margin. 
3. In the Gutter position box, click Left , or Top. You should click Left, if you plan to bind the document at the left or right side or click Top, if you plan to bind the document at the top side.
4. If you intend to print the document front and back of sheets, select Mirror margins in the Multiple pages list.
5. Select an appropriate option in the Apply to box.
6. Click OK.

Fig: Gutter positions

Mirror Margins

When you print a document on both sides of  sheets, margins of the left page are a mirror image of those on the right page. This means that when you have facing pages in a bound document, the inside margins are the same width, and the outside margins are the same width..

If you intend to print a document on the front and back sides of a sheet, then Mirror margins is an option you must choose in the Multiple pages list, in the Pages section of the Margins tab in the Page Setup dialog box. This helps ensure that the gutter margins on the front and back of a sheet are positioned on the same edge of the sheet. The position of the Left margin on the front side of a sheet becomes the position for the Right margin on the back side of the same sheet. Margins of the left page are a mirror image of those of the right page. That is, the inside margins are the same width, and the outside margins are the same width. So, if after you entered a value for the gutter margin, you choose Normal in the Multiple pages list, and you later printed the document on the front and back sides of a sheet, the gutter margin can only prevent text from being obscured on only one side of the page, but not on the other side of it. So, for a document you plan to print on both sides of sheets, always make sure to choose Mirror margins to help position gutter margins at the same edge on both sides of the sheets.

To set mirror margins for facing pages

1. On the File menu, click Page Setup, and then click the Margins tab.
2. In the Multiple pages list, select Mirror margins.
3. In the Inside and Outside boxes, enter values for the mirror margins
4. In the Gutter box, enter a value for gutter margins for bound documents.
5. Click an appropriate option in the Apply to box.
6. Click OK.

Fig: Page Setup dialog showing mirror margins

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